Monthly Archive for January, 2008

Super Heroes’ Classification

All super heroes can be categorized into three groups; those without powers, who practice skills such as martial arts and use high levels of intellect and technology to defeat their enemies; those with limited powers, who either use moderate-level technology, intelligence, or skills to enhance their powers to defeat their enemies; and the over-powered, who have so many powers, that they don’t need many special skills or a lot of intelligence to fight their enemies, and simply are Super by their natural strengths.


 In the first category of super heroes without powers, we have Batman and Catwoman. They lack any natural super-natural gifts that exceed the limits of an ordinary person. They were born human but master technologies or martial arts to live up to Super hero characteristics. Batman witnessed the deaths of his parents and trained himself physically and mentally in the pursuit of fighting crime. He uses a large range of technological devices, some that allow him to simulate flying or gliding, to scale walls and buildings with ease, and others that grant him the ability to fight crime from a distance (the Batarang).

Catwoman has cat-like speed and reflexes but is really just a well-trained acrobat with a mask and whip which she employs to swing around, climb, and disarm opponents without Batman’s often-necessary fists and feet. Faster and more agile than Batman, she offers finesse instead of force, and could easily be considered even more physically trained than him, all of which reduces her reliance on advanced technology. Both Batman and Catwoman are simply Super without any real super-powers because of their respective devotion to their personal strengths (intelligence and honed physical abilities) and access to high-level or rare technology.

Spiderman and Daredevil are in the second classification; semi-humans who have limited powers. In contrast to the human heroes before, their limited super-powers are often gained through horrible accidents, and use their moderate-level intelligence and technology to enhance these powers to achieve a Super status. They both started out as normal, every-day people, but through some horrible accident (a radioactive waste spilling on Daredevil, and a radioactive spider biting Spiderman), they achieved enhanced abilities. Unlike Batman and Catwoman, their supreme phsyical traits were not self-trained and they never had the self-motivation to actually achieve these strengths on their own, but instead were gifted a select few.

Spiderman enhances his gifted agility with wrist technology that produces web ropes and nets for him to swing around and capture his enemies, but relies only on this form of technology. Like the relationship between Catwoman’s greater physical abilities and Batman, Daredevil’s sense of smell, hearing, touch and powers of concentration are super-human in standard allowing him to rely less on technology than his spider-like counterpart. His only form of moderate-level technology is his billy club, disguised as a blind man’s cane that can powerfully spring-launch towards enemies, or split into a baton and curved hook. Both Daredevil and Spiderman have been granted the status of Super, but the weakness of being human still forces them to rely on a little bit of technology obtain an advantage over their enemies.

In the third category of Super, all members of this group have large amounts of innate super-powers, or few extremely, sometimes over-powered, strengths. A good example is Superman, who has the ability to fly, has x-ray vision, super-speed (he once turned back time with this), super-strength, and is impervious to all forms of harm excepted when attacked with a rare material from a meteorite known as kryptonite. He holds very little in the area of high-level intelligence doesn’t use any form of technology or rare devices to augment his great powers.

Likewise, Wonder Woman has similar characteristics to Superman. She is also non-human in birth and holds many super powers; from healing herself, to sinking in the earth to regain her stamina, to super-human strength. She is near-immortal like Superman and requires no superb levels of intelligence or technology to enhance her supreme powers. Neither Supman or Wonder Woman trained themselves physically and mentally or make use of advanced technology, but simply are Super by their very super-human nature.

It is easy to see that any hero, not matter how intriguingly different, are very similar. They all fall into three simple classifications, showing an adverse relation of technology and real skill with boundless, sometimes god-like, powers. And whether they are natural-born superheroes, awakened by radioactivity, or they adopted themselves into becoming superheroes, they are all against evil. Even though they are so very similar, superheroes teach us morality and give us strength and inspiration, from generation to generation.

Super Heroes’ Classification

All super heroes can be categorized into three groups; those without powers, who practice skills such as martial arts and use high levels of intellect and technology to defeat their enemies; those with limited powers, who either use moderate-level technology, intelligence, or skills to enhance their powers to defeat their enemies; and the over-powered, who have so many powers, that they don’t need many special skills or a lot of intelligence to fight their enemies, and simply are Super by their natural strengths.


 In the first category of super heroes without powers, we have Batman and Catwoman. They lack any natural super-natural gifts that exceed the limits of an ordinary person. They were born human but master technologies or martial arts to live up to Super hero characteristics. Batman witnessed the deaths of his parents and trained himself physically and mentally in the pursuit of fighting crime. He uses a large range of technological devices, some that allow him to simulate flying or gliding, to scale walls and buildings with ease, and others that grant him the ability to fight crime from a distance (the Batarang).

Catwoman has cat-like speed and reflexes but is really just a well-trained acrobat with a mask and whip which she employs to swing around, climb, and disarm opponents without Batman’s often-necessary fists and feet. Faster and more agile than Batman, she offers finesse instead of force, and could easily be considered even more physically trained than him, all of which reduces her reliance on advanced technology. Both Batman and Catwoman are simply Super without any real super-powers because of their respective devotion to their personal strengths (intelligence and honed physical abilities) and access to high-level or rare technology.

Spiderman and Daredevil are in the second classification; semi-humans who have limited powers. In contrast to the human heroes before, their limited super-powers are often gained through horrible accidents, and use their moderate-level intelligence and technology to enhance these powers to achieve a Super status. They both started out as normal, every-day people, but through some horrible accident (a radioactive waste spilling on Daredevil, and a radioactive spider biting Spiderman), they achieved enhanced abilities. Unlike Batman and Catwoman, their supreme phsyical traits were not self-trained and they never had the self-motivation to actually achieve these strengths on their own, but instead were gifted a select few.

Spiderman enhances his gifted agility with wrist technology that produces web ropes and nets for him to swing around and capture his enemies, but relies only on this form of technology. Like the relationship between Catwoman’s greater physical abilities and Batman, Daredevil’s sense of smell, hearing, touch and powers of concentration are super-human in standard allowing him to rely less on technology than his spider-like counterpart. His only form of moderate-level technology is his billy club, disguised as a blind man’s cane that can powerfully spring-launch towards enemies, or split into a baton and curved hook. Both Daredevil and Spiderman have been granted the status of Super, but the weakness of being human still forces them to rely on a little bit of technology obtain an advantage over their enemies.

In the third category of Super, all members of this group have large amounts of innate super-powers, or few extremely, sometimes over-powered, strengths. A good example is Superman, who has the ability to fly, has x-ray vision, super-speed (he once turned back time with this), super-strength, and is impervious to all forms of harm excepted when attacked with a rare material from a meteorite known as kryptonite. He holds very little in the area of high-level intelligence doesn’t use any form of technology or rare devices to augment his great powers.

Likewise, Wonder Woman has similar characteristics to Superman. She is also non-human in birth and holds many super powers; from healing herself, to sinking in the earth to regain her stamina, to super-human strength. She is near-immortal like Superman and requires no superb levels of intelligence or technology to enhance her supreme powers. Neither Supman or Wonder Woman trained themselves physically and mentally or make use of advanced technology, but simply are Super by their very super-human nature.

It is easy to see that any hero, not matter how intriguingly different, are very similar. They all fall into three simple classifications, showing an adverse relation of technology and real skill with boundless, sometimes god-like, powers. And whether they are natural-born superheroes, awakened by radioactivity, or they adopted themselves into becoming superheroes, they are all against evil. Even though they are so very similar, superheroes teach us morality and give us strength and inspiration, from generation to generation.

Super Heroes’ Classification

All super heroes can be categorized into three groups; those without powers, who practice skills such as martial arts and use high levels of intellect and technology to defeat their enemies; those with limited powers, who either use moderate-level technology, intelligence, or skills to enhance their powers to defeat their enemies; and the over-powered, who have so many powers, that they don’t need many special skills or a lot of intelligence to fight their enemies, and simply are Super by their natural strengths.


 In the first category of super heroes without powers, we have Batman and Catwoman. They lack any natural super-natural gifts that exceed the limits of an ordinary person. They were born human but master technologies or martial arts to live up to Super hero characteristics. Batman witnessed the deaths of his parents and trained himself physically and mentally in the pursuit of fighting crime. He uses a large range of technological devices, some that allow him to simulate flying or gliding, to scale walls and buildings with ease, and others that grant him the ability to fight crime from a distance (the Batarang).

Catwoman has cat-like speed and reflexes but is really just a well-trained acrobat with a mask and whip which she employs to swing around, climb, and disarm opponents without Batman’s often-necessary fists and feet. Faster and more agile than Batman, she offers finesse instead of force, and could easily be considered even more physically trained than him, all of which reduces her reliance on advanced technology. Both Batman and Catwoman are simply Super without any real super-powers because of their respective devotion to their personal strengths (intelligence and honed physical abilities) and access to high-level or rare technology.

Spiderman and Daredevil are in the second classification; semi-humans who have limited powers. In contrast to the human heroes before, their limited super-powers are often gained through horrible accidents, and use their moderate-level intelligence and technology to enhance these powers to achieve a Super status. They both started out as normal, every-day people, but through some horrible accident (a radioactive waste spilling on Daredevil, and a radioactive spider biting Spiderman), they achieved enhanced abilities. Unlike Batman and Catwoman, their supreme phsyical traits were not self-trained and they never had the self-motivation to actually achieve these strengths on their own, but instead were gifted a select few.

Spiderman enhances his gifted agility with wrist technology that produces web ropes and nets for him to swing around and capture his enemies, but relies only on this form of technology. Like the relationship between Catwoman’s greater physical abilities and Batman, Daredevil’s sense of smell, hearing, touch and powers of concentration are super-human in standard allowing him to rely less on technology than his spider-like counterpart. His only form of moderate-level technology is his billy club, disguised as a blind man’s cane that can powerfully spring-launch towards enemies, or split into a baton and curved hook. Both Daredevil and Spiderman have been granted the status of Super, but the weakness of being human still forces them to rely on a little bit of technology obtain an advantage over their enemies.

In the third category of Super, all members of this group have large amounts of innate super-powers, or few extremely, sometimes over-powered, strengths. A good example is Superman, who has the ability to fly, has x-ray vision, super-speed (he once turned back time with this), super-strength, and is impervious to all forms of harm excepted when attacked with a rare material from a meteorite known as kryptonite. He holds very little in the area of high-level intelligence doesn’t use any form of technology or rare devices to augment his great powers.

Likewise, Wonder Woman has similar characteristics to Superman. She is also non-human in birth and holds many super powers; from healing herself, to sinking in the earth to regain her stamina, to super-human strength. She is near-immortal like Superman and requires no superb levels of intelligence or technology to enhance her supreme powers. Neither Supman or Wonder Woman trained themselves physically and mentally or make use of advanced technology, but simply are Super by their very super-human nature.

It is easy to see that any hero, not matter how intriguingly different, are very similar. They all fall into three simple classifications, showing an adverse relation of technology and real skill with boundless, sometimes god-like, powers. And whether they are natural-born superheroes, awakened by radioactivity, or they adopted themselves into becoming superheroes, they are all against evil. Even though they are so very similar, superheroes teach us morality and give us strength and inspiration, from generation to generation.

Corn for Livestock

It is said the main ideal feed for livestock is based on corn, and historically, 60% of the U.S. corn crop is consumed by the livestock industry. [1] Today, the circumstances have changed. Some researchers found corn has potential as an alternative energy source and biodegradable plastic. People have set their mind out reconsidering the value of corn, it could be no longer feed to livestock if there are substitutions. Now, it is the time for claiming that farmers should not be required to follow traditional feeding standards.


 Corn is not the only choice for main feed that farmers can have. According to Dan Loy, extension beef specialist, grains or bakery byproducts could be a substitute feed for corn.[2] In addition, David Funderburke, livestock nutritionist at Cape Fear Consulting says, “Sweet products, because they are high in energy, can be good for livestock.”[3] There are many food manufactures who throw away a lot of useless products every day, such as burned, or broken food products, and some manufactures have started to sell these wastes to farmers as feed. “Do anything to recycle.” Hiroshi Kika, a senior manager at Nissin Foods, says.[4] These days, manufactures are responsible to reduce wastes as much as possible in terms of concern with the environment, and they are conducting efforts to create the cleaner surroundings.


 The value of corn is changing as the possibility for it to be used as an alternative energy source has been found, and supposing there are substitutions for corn as feed, farmers should be concerned about the more serious problems in their life. The environment problem is one of the most important issues that humankind faces, and corn could be a help for producing harmless products for the environment, such as biodegradable plastic and biofuel. Even though biodegradable plastic is not so hard as fossil oil based plastic, it turns into dust with the help of bacteria, and it can be used as the nutrition for growing corn. Many countries are getting started to use the alternative energy. For example, in 2006, 1.8 billion bushels were consumed to produce 4.9 billion gallons of renewable fuel in U.S.[5], Japan announced Biomass Nippon Strategy in 2002 and set the goal of using 500,000 kl of biomass energy for transportation by 2010 [6].

Through the history, corn has been farmer’s traditional feeds, and it is said corn provides essential nutrients for animals. Animals, including humans, are what they eat, and supposing humans care about their quality of food, we should care about what livestock eat as well because we are consuming them as food, and it is a ecological chain. Ideally, livestock producers like to feed their pigs and cattle a mixture consisting of about 70% corn, plus soybean meal, fat and vitamins. [7] Even though using corn as an alternative energy resource could be good for the environment, there are many other possible natural resources, such as solar, and geothermal. People need to work to grow corn, that means corn needs energy to grow, while natural resources give us a power without as much process. In favor of corn however, natural resources are not so efficient in terms of affordance and time, they need huge budgets to investigate and develop, and they take a longer span of time to construct. Speaking for the health of food, agrichemical is much more serious an issue than snacks. A lot of chemicals are used for eradicant and preservable reasons, and some agrichemical contains poisons; people would prefer to eat less healthy than poisoned food.


 Historically, situations of our lives have been changed, and every time people have figured out the solution to adapt. Corn is no longer the only food for livestock, but it is also becoming the basis of our life. Some would say providing corn for livestock is wasting the ethanol resource, and others would say it is nutritionally the best. Both of these opinions have strong beliefs behind their insistence, and it would be difficult to reach an agreement. Still people should compromise at some point, as that is what people have done for centuries.

1,3,4,7. http://online.wsj.com/public/article_pri…

 http://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/li…

5. http://www.ncga.com/ethanol/main/index.a…

6. http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/バイオ… (ref: http://www.biomass-asia-workshop.jp/biom…)

Historic Village of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama

Japan has some famous wooden buildings, in particular, the temples in Kyoto attract visitors from all over the world, but has also some famous wooden home. Historic Village of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama is a world heritage site. The site is located in Toyama prefecture, and a village, was built in the Edo era. People in this village grew a silkworm at that time, and the houses were designed for that. These houses have special architectural characteristics. In particular, they are thatched and have a steep slanting roof. You can find the wisdom of the ancients in the style.

First, they made many shelves for a silkworm in the attic along the slant of roof, and the roofs of all houses are faced toward east and west because sunlight was necessary for a silkworm. The slant of roof is useful for not only making shelves but also for protecting a house from a big snow because Toyama prefecture is in an area of heavy snowfall. The architectural style of the house with this epoch-making roof is called ‘gassho-zukuri’ in Japan because that the form of roof resembles the action ‘gassho’, which is folding palms like namaste.

A lot of houses with this kind of roof in Japan have disappeared. However, the villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama were saved because the big snowfalls made the buildings and maintenance of the roads difficult, and demolition machines couldn’t enter the area. So you can still go and see the old houses today. You can’t enter all houses because people actually live in almost all of the houses. The village has interesting houses and beautiful scenery, but you should be careful not to trespass.

However, people who take care about that can enjoy these old houses and they’ll be surprised the style of architecture. The shape of roof is equilateral triangle in front view, and the houses have not any nails. The houses are composed of only some thick trees and cord.

However, These houses are kept in good condition even today because people in the area regularly repair the houses and try to save the traditional buildings. Repairing relatively costs them money, so it’s getting to be difficult for them to repair that frequently, but they try to protect the rare wooden houses.

Sealing as Worthwhile

 Black lovely eyes and a white furry body. Seals on the land of ice look so pure and innocent and bring out people’s motherly instinct. Who wants them to be covered with blood? Such a sentimental argument has been hiding the truth. First, people around Newfoundland or the Magdalen Islands in Canada mainly hunted the newborn babies of Harp Seals because they had beautiful yellowish-white fur called “whitecoat” that had high market value. After hunting whitecoat was prohibited in 1983 because of animal protection, the major target of hunting was switched to adult seals or beaters; seals 4 weeks old. Some people still don’t know this change and disagree with the sealing for fur industry in Canada from the perspective of animal rights. However, from some points of view, it must be said that Canada has the right to continue sealing.

One of the reasons is that sealing plays an important economical and social role in Canada. Now local fishermen are engaged in commercial sealing in Canada. From spring to autumn, they earn their living by fishing, for example, deep-water shrimp, herring, or cod. However they cannot do ordinary fishing in winter because the sea glaciates, so sealing become a precious source of income. They usually spend about 2 to 3 weeks for hunting. According to the detailed income in 2006 of ship A, 9 crew members hunted 680 seals over 6 days and sold their beaters for 105 US dollars a skin. The approximate income was $71,400; the ship owner got $41,412 and each member got $4,284. Sealing guarantees such amounts of regular income even in winter for only 6 days. Prohibiting sealing directly means to deprive the fishermen of the life cycle they’ve built. It offers them not only economical profits but also motivation to persevere through long winters.


 In addition to the economical and social reason, the second reason to support sealing is that it also plays a culturally significant role in Canada. Seal has been hunted for 9000 years by native Canadian people such as the Maritime Archaic Indians, Early Palaeo Eskimos, Dorset, or Inuit. Sealing was their life itself. They developed special techniques for sealing and used seal fur for the sake of warmth. Also, they created the fermented food called Kiviak from seal meat, which is a one of the salted products for sustinence to pass the winter. And they even used seal oil for lighting. Nowadays, only limited countries, such as Norway or Iceland, continue sealing. Sealing in Canada is part of their cultural heritages. Supporting sealing allows people to have a cultural distinction so that the people could feel a sense of glory and sometimes it even protects them from diseases. In the 1970s, a Danish epidemiologist, Dr. Jorn Dyerberg had comparative research about eating habits of the Danish and Inuit; both ate a lot of meal. According to this survey, the Inuit had lower mortality rate from heart disease. Although heart infarction accounted for 40% of the total deaths in Denmark, only 3.6% of the Inuit even over 60 died of it. Dr. Dyerberg said one of the reasons was that the Inuit frequently had seal meat and oil containing an ingredient called DPA, which helped to refine blood and prevented Arterial Sclerosis. It is said that the contained amount is ten times as much as fish oil. So keeping cultural differences is not just for preserving the culture itself, but also for protecting a healthy human life that is suitable to the region.

 Meanwhile, some animal welfare organizations assert that sealing in Canada is inhumane. They also assert that sealers skin seals alive. However, sealing in Canada is humane in the two following respects. First, Canadian sealers kill seals as humanely as possible. They have to follow 3 steps before skinning: striking, checking and bleeding. MMR (Marine Mammal Regulation) prescribed proper tools to give seals immediate death; rifles, hakapiks (traditional tool for sealing) and clubs. Then sealers must check the skulls and give a blinking reflex test to ensure unconscious death. For the final step, they have to bleed the animal to guarantee death. In this manner, seals are instantly killed and don’t feel any pain during the skinning process. Some seals may seem to be moving after being killed, but it’s a swimming reflex caused by remaining oxygen in their body. For the second point, hunting animals for living is ethically acceptable and humane to environments as long as it’s sustainable. DFO (Department of Fisheries and Oceans) published “Facts about Seals 2006-2010” including the statistics of a survey in 2004. The population of the Northwest Atlantic harp seal was 5.82million; it’s 3 times as large as the 1970s. And the number of live births for one year was 991,400. In fact, the seal population was not endangered, instead, it was increasing as it intimidated the numbers of cod, the main provision for seals. And the commercial quota for hunting was about 360,000. Piecing together the above numbers, sealing doesn’t damage ecosystems. Instead, producing fake fur is more destructive for living things. Most artificial fibers such as nylon or acrylic are made from oil, which is a mineral resource and is finite. Especially today, oil is rapidly becoming extinct. Also, such artificial fibers are not recyclable. They would give off a noxious exhaust if burned for disposal. Needless to say, the CO2 from this would cause environmental damage. Actually, because of global warming, to which CO2 probably contributes, the ice on the sea is depleting and seals are losing their space for birthing or living. Meanwhile, if living resources are recycled, they don’t produce poisonous gas. So sealing is humane both in terms of the way of killing and environmental aspects.

To sum up, there is no reason to stop sealing in Canada. It creates economical profits. And preserving cultural habits gives people a feeling of glory and a healthy lifestyle fitting to the characteristics of the locality. Also, sealing is humane. Sealers follow the humane way of killing. And sealing itself is sustainable and kind to the global environment. Nowadays, modern society owes a lot to artificial technologies. People are rarely conscious that they are still beholden to living resources. Although the development of technologies equally provides people with convenient lives, it also makes people forget the importance of being part of a distinct cultural group and forces cultures to be uniformalized. The controversy over sealing in Canada is the one of the symbols of such a social situation. We have to have the eyes to judge the essence of a thing in a non-emotional manner before heritages of humanity are lost forever.

Between Change and Unchange

In some countries in the northern hemisphere, people had a special festival called, “bear festival”. Some festivals were quit as time passed but some are still held among several people. The Ainu people in Japan have been holding the bear festival in a traditional way with a real bear for over 2000 years. Elsewhere, in Whittlesey in Britain, people have a festival called the Straw Bear Festival but in a more entertaining and altered way from traditional ones. There are many differences between these two, but they still have the same qualities for the rituals at bear festivals.


First, the contents of the Ainu’s and Whittlesey festivals are distinct from each other but a little bit similar.Ainu’s Bear Festival is held in mid-winter, which is the season that the quality of the bear’s meat and skin are the richest. To begin with, they get a bear cub in a mountain to grow up in their community. Next, after one year, they kill the bear with a decorated arrow, take out the brain, meat, skin and organs. Then they have a ceremony to pray for the bear with its head placed in the top of a tree and have a feast with the bear’s meat at last.



Likewise, the Straw Bear Festival in Whittlesey is held on Tuesday following Plough Monday (the 1st Monday after Twelfth Night), almost mid-winter like Ainu. The events differ at this festival, however as at first, the person who acts as a bear is chosen from the males and the best straw that covers him completely like bear fur is selected carefully. Then he puts on the straw and marches into town to entertain people through fantastic gestures. Finally he takes off the straw and it’s burned on Sunday in that week, which is called “Bear Burning”. What Ainu and Whittlesey people do at their ceremonies are different, but a bear still works as the most important role at both festivals.



 Next, two festivals have also some different but similar concepts behind them. The Ainu’s bear festival is connected with their special philosophy. Ainu people think that all the things in the world have the God called “Kamuy”. Bear seems to be in the highest position of all because it provides them with not just food but also clothes or medicine by its meat, skin or organs. They regard raising a bear as a request from the Gods and killing the bear as a ritual for dividing the body and spirit. By the ceremony for praying, the spirit is sent to the world of Gods and it would tell other bears to have had warm hospitality from people. So it leads more bears to feel like going to the human’s world, and people could have an abundant life as a result. This festival is a holy one but also an event that people enjoy great cheer. Other northern people, like Finish or Russian, have this kind of festival. Some bring up a bear then kill it, others just catch a bear and kill. However, all these traditional bear festivals are for appreciating bears and remembering human’s life upon many sacrifices.

Meanwhile, the concept of the Bear Festival in Whittlesey differs from the Ainu’s. Almost nobody knows the origin of the festival. There is a note that shows the festival fell into decline and was forbidden in 1909. A policeman at that time worried that the festival would be a form of cadging because people give money, beer or food to the bear. But the custom was revived in the 1980s. Formerly, about 30 dancers or musicians joined a bear marching in the street, but nowadays, the number is increasing to over 250. Some of them even come from various parts in Britain. The festival becomes more entertaining and larger. Although it’s clear that each festival has a different concept, they are still similar at a deeper level. Selecting the person who behaves as a bear and the best straw to put on is almost like the way of Ainu people get a bear cub. And they both have fun and a great time thanks to the bear with its meat among the Ainu, and with its performance in Whittlesey. And there is the most interesting comparison between Ainu’s ritual of praying and “Bear Burning” in Whittlesey. Ainu people divide the bear’s spirit and body and pray to expect for getting more bears in the following years. Whittlesey people divide “inside” and “outside” of a bear, which means “man” and “straw”, then they burn straw to open the way for a new bear to be created from the next season’s harvest. Maybe the Bear Festival in Whittlesey is the form that the traditional one, like Ainu, was changed for meteorological or religious reasons caused in the passage of time. Even in a different way, both rituals have the same concept of coexistence with nature.

Although Bear Festivals were held among many northern peoples some time ago, nowadays few cultures keep this. The Ainu people still hold a traditional bear festival. The Straw Bear festival in Whittlesey is one example of festivals that the traditional one was changed. These are different but still have common qualities. Looking at that interesting process of changing, people would learn how amazing and hard it is to save the same ritual for a long time, and also learn the strong-will and the creativity of human that was shown when they try to handle environmental changes that occurred around them.

Charanke

 There are millions of festivals in the world. Most of them are based on their own culture. Charanke festival is also based on cultural elements like foods, clothes and dances. It was created by two men, Masashi Hiro and Yoshiharu Kinjyo in 1994 at Nakanoku, Tokyo. But there is a big difference between Charanke and other festivals is charanke is based on two different cultures which are from North end and South end of Japan. And what is interesting about the festival is that it is held in Tokyo by Ainu and Ryukyu people and there are three firm reasons to hold the festival which are based on Ainu culture, Ryukyu culture and their historical contexts.

Ainu people show their culture in the festival and they wear traditional clothes, there are some temporary restaurants or stands for traditional Ainu foods and hold a traditional dance. In charanke festival, they wear their traditional clothes called “Attushi” and ”Retappe” which are made by wood or plant fibers. They make a temporary restaurant and stands to hold their traditional foods and dishes like “Yukk” which is a venison steak and “Chep” which is a salmon soup. And they hold a traditional dance called “Upopo” which is held by sitting women and “Rimuse” which is held by everybody standing and making a circle.


 Ryukyu people also introduce their own culture to the people in the festival. For example Ryukyu people wear their traditional clothes called “Ryusou” which has traditional patterns of Ryukyu culture. They hold a buffet or stands for their traditional foods or dishes like “Chanpru” which is fried vegetables, eggs and Tofu and “Andagie” which is donuts using black sugar. And they hold a dance too, it’s called “Eisaa” which is held by people wearing “Ryusou” which is traditional Ryukyu style clothes with snare drums.

The festival started with historical context which consists of three elements. Those are based on their cultural backgrounds, their current situations and their languages. They have special cultural backgrounds which are very different from Japanese culture so this festival gives them the chance to introduce their cultures for people. Now, a lot of Ainu and Ryukyu people do not make their lives in their traditional ways and they live in cities like Tokyo so it is the opportunity for them to remember their own cultures. Both of them have the word “Charanke” and in Ainu it means, “Discuss” and in Ryukyu, “Do not disappear” and it’s a important word for both of them so they decided to use the word for the festival’s name.

In summary, the Charanke festival, which is organized and developed by Ainu and Ryukyu people in the center of Japan, will expand in scale. Even though they are far from their home, they venerate their own cultural elements like foods, clothes and dances. For both of them, it’s a important event to consider their own culture. And for other people, it’s a good opportunity to touch unfamiliar beautiful cultures. So it must continue with the pride of their own cultures.

Change the World

 Sometimes we need fellows to confront hardship, but it can be a special opportunity to meet people who have a same determination. They make the group stronger and give us the chance to overcome hardship even those which are impossible for one person to solve. The power of company makes a person strong and makes impossible things to possible, even changing the world. Magnum Photos is the most powerful and innovative group of photographers which changed the world.

In the world of photographers, Magnum Photos is the group which has the strongest power. One of the biggest achievements they made is an establishment of photographers’ personal rights. In the early 1940s, photojournalists didn’t have their own rights about their photographs because they had to sell the rights about their works with their original negatives to their clients. But Magnum Photos which was created in 1947 by 5 photographers in New York changed the situation. Magnum Photos were made to establish photographers’ own rights by creating their own company and control their works by themselves. And also they raised status of the photographers. Before establishment of the Magnum, photographers, especially photojournalists were treated by companies without consideration. For instance, they went to take photos on the front liner of the war at the risk of their lives, but a company paid little money to buy their photographs and they could fire at will. By the actions which Magnum Photo made, people noticed how Magnum were brave and important for our society and even the companies, started to treat photographers better.

They are also the most innovative photo group. In the 1950’s, simply, it was a very innovative and precious happening for all photographers to join a big photographers’ group, but Magnum was not just a group. It also worked as an agency. But this agency was not like other agencies because photographers who joined Magnum had a freedom to take pictures of anything. Magnum is the agency for the photographers themselves so they didn’t require the members to take pictures. On the other hand, at that time, other photographer agency required pictures for photographers which can sell to tabloid or magazine companies. Magnum did not do that because photographers and magnum were not be there for money, they were for themselves so each of them took pictures of what they want. There is no other photographer agency like Magnum. And most innovative activities they do continue today. They have kept running their own group for more than 60 years. Because of the concept of Magnum, they haven’t had sponsors and they run a group by themselves. Actually it was hard to keep such a big group and they didn’t have any practical ways to keep their group because they were not familiar with such kind of business and they were just photographers. But they keep running Magnum because of their strong concept and it has impressed a lot of people who help them. It shows us how important it is to act in accordance with our beliefs.

Finally, cooperative spirits guide people in a good direction and give them the power to solve the problems which are impossible for each of people to solve. Sometimes that impresses people who are around them. Magnum Photos is the most important group of photographers not just for photographers or artists, but also for all people because of its power and inventiveness. Even now, people in the world can be impressed by the photos they take.

MAJOLICA MAJORCA

MAJOLICA MAJORCA is one of the brands in Shisendo that is a big cosmetic company in Japan. Shiseido has some different cosmetic brands; maquillage and MK2 so on. This company’s target is mainly over 20 year olds so the price is a little expensive for teenagers. According to the research, they want to get good and cute things which they can proud of them without money. It used to make “ff” where is easy to go and buy cosmetics for young people. Therefore it couldn’t that was cheap cosmetic brand but it didn’t become popular. Normally this kind of cosmetic is sold in drug stores get enough display space. In the drag store, there are many cosmetics so the company had to think about how it can stand out rather than others.

 display

 advertisementThe key word of concept decided from the research. “Quick transformation, which is like magic.” And to make strong characteristic, it made the own story. The content is “if you use MAJOLICA MAJORCA, it makes your wish come true” that is like fairytale. Magazines for young girls, poster and web site, all advertisements are used the story. The feature is graphic designs are just used one scene of the story and if you see the web site, all stories complete. It also putted it into the display. It made the brand own world in stores. And also the brand Logo has the story with bird. There is story; one small bird was given beautiful wings and crown by reciting spell by goddess. Then the bird flied away to make all girls be beautiful. MAJOLICA MAJORCA is a spell which goddess recited. It was so successful because it is easy to notice the brand and characteristic, too.



To make completely the brand, Logo and color image etc are very important. The design is important. Each cosmetic is used different icon elements. For example, the compact case to store eye shadow and cheek is box. Powder like foundation is limitation cosmetic uses candle icon. These icons show the features for each. Main brand color is only gold and white. But some of them use color to express that thing’s color like red eyeliner is used red color a little bit.


All cosmetics are valid for one year. If you cannot remember the date when it opened, try to smell it. When it smells strange, it means it is old. After that, a foundation case is refilling package so only this can use for long time. But cases except for it are threw away and people get new one.



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